SELECT 
  category_id, 
  parent_id 
FROM 
  tmall_categories 
WHERE 
  parent_id IN(175, 174, 234, 177, 196, 254)

Query time 0.00855

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.028190165,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "tmall_categories",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": ["parent"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 113,
          "cost": 0.028190165,
          "filtered": 23.89380455,
          "attached_condition": "tmall_categories.parent_id in (175,174,234,177,196,254)"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}