SELECT 
  id_path 
FROM 
  tmall_categories c 
  JOIN tmall_category_vendor_product_count p USING(category_id) 
WHERE 
  p.company_id = 1

Query time 0.00847

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost": 0.099972216,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "c",
          "access_type": "ALL",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "p_category_id"],
          "loops": 1,
          "rows": 113,
          "cost": 0.028190165,
          "filtered": 100
        }
      },
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "p",
          "access_type": "eq_ref",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "7",
          "used_key_parts": ["company_id", "category_id"],
          "ref": ["const", "tmall.c.category_id"],
          "loops": 113,
          "rows": 1,
          "cost": 0.071782051,
          "filtered": 100,
          "using_index": true
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}